Volume 7, Number 12, Article 12, Pages 1-12 doi:10.1167/7.12.12 http://journalofvision.org/7/12/12/ ISSN 1534-7362
Flash suppression and flash facilitation in binocular rivalry
Jan W. Brascamp
Functional Neurobiology and Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Tomas H. J. Knapen
Physics of Man and Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Ryota Kanai
Division Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA
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Raymond van Ee
Physics of Man and Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Albert V. van den Berg
Functional Neurobiology and Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Abstract

We show that previewing one half image of a binocular rivalry pair can cause it to gain initial dominance when the other half is added, a novel phenomenon we term flash facilitation. This is the converse of a known effect called flash suppression, where the previewed image becomes suppressed upon rivalrous presentation. The exact effect of previewing an image depends on both the duration and the contrast of the prior stimulus. Brief, low-contrast prior stimuli facilitate, whereas long, high-contrast ones suppress. These effects have both an eye-based component and a pattern-based component. Our results suggest that, instead of reflecting two unrelated mechanisms, both facilitation and suppression are manifestations of a single process that occurs progressively during presentation of the prior stimulus. The distinction between the two phenomena would then lie in the extent to which the process has developed during prior stimulation. This view is consistent with a neural model previously proposed to account for perceptual stabilization of ambiguous stimuli, suggesting a relation between perceptual stabilization and the present phenomena.

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History
Received February 6, 2007; published September 28, 2007
Citation
Brascamp, J. W., Knapen, T. H. J., Kanai, R., van Ee, R., & van den Berg, A. V. (2007). Flash suppression and flash facilitation in binocular rivalry. Journal of Vision, 7(12):12, 1-12, http://journalofvision.org/7/12/12/, doi:10.1167/7.12.12.
Keywords
binocular rivalry, flash suppression, ambiguous stimuli, priming, perceptual stabilization
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