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| Volume 7, Number 14, Article 13, Pages 1-15 |
doi:10.1167/7.14.13 |
http://journalofvision.org/7/14/13/ |
ISSN 1534-7362 |
Extrafoveal viewing reveals the nature of second-order human vision
Chara Vakrou |
Department of Optometry, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK |
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David Whitaker |
Department of Optometry, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK |
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Paul V. McGraw |
Visual Neuroscience Group, School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK |
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Abstract
For the majority of visual tasks, performance in extrafoveal vision can be equated with that at the fovea simply by a change in spatial scale of the stimuli (magnification). We sought to exploit this association to examine the nature of second-order vision. More specifically, we investigate the relationship between the scale of second-order vision and the scale of its first-order input. We find that sensitivity to second-order stimuli can be equated across visual space, but only for stimuli that are magnified in every respect (identical scaling of both first- and second-order characteristics). In other words, sensitivity to stimuli which posses a fixed ratio between the scale of first-order input and second-order spatial scale can be equated across the visual field using a single magnification factor. Moreover, stimuli which possess quite different ratios of first- and second-order scale can be equated across eccentricity using the same magnification factor. This argues for a strict relationship between second-order vision and the scale of its first-order input and reflects a parallel arrangement of dedicated second-order mechanisms having a common eccentricity dependence.
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